This makes the per unit value of either voltage or current to be around 1. One can also make a physical quantity with a combination of derived quantities. The provider should bill j2405 for ondansetron hydrochloride with 4 hcpcs units and the ndc units submitted should be 2 ml. The per unit impedance referred to either side of a three phase transformer is the same regardless of the connection whether they are, yy or. The unit price is then multiplied by the required quantity to find the cost for the work item. The perunit system was developed to make manual analysis of power. Applying the costperunit formula is integral to a successful operation.
Calculations are simplified because quantities expressed as perunit do not. At the basis of economies of scale there may be technical, statistical, organizational or related factors to the degree of market control. All engineering quantities can be defined in terms of the four basic dimensions m,l,t and. Contracts and resources page web part calculation of quantities english. When analyzing a real system, all parameters such as voltage, current, power, and impedance can be converted to per unit. The leakage impedance of this transformer was found in example 64 to be 1. They feed supply to 2 motors of inputs 8 mva and 12 mva respectively. Description uom quantity unit price total 0100 demolition and dismantling 0101.
The perunit system an interconnected power system typically consists of many different voltage levels given a. Given the four base values, the perunit quantities are defined as. Today we are going to restrict ourselves to a discussion of quantities and units that are specific to radiation. Using the per unit system and taking into account the transformer percent impedances, solve. The speakers are produced in batches because they do not warrant setting up a continuous production line, and relatively large quantities can be produced in a short time.
Power systems 12 changing the base of perunit quantities the impedance of individual generators and. Chapter 12 quantities, costs, and specifications 12. Per unit equivalent circuit example 1 the base impedance and. Fuvahmulaku jetty bill of quantities item description unit qty rate total bill no. Per unit system explaination with solved example electrical. Network models are possibly still the most important of the special structures in linear programming.
This video is the second in a series of videos by on the subject of perunit quantities. The bills also provide a measure of the extent of work and this allows the work to be priced. Atkinson december 2000 nature of bills bills of quantities comprise a list of items of work which are briefly described. Therefore, the speakers are placed into inventory until they are needed for assembly into television.
I am a first time taken and have benefited from the free videos you have posted. Also, feel free to ask any questions you may have or doubts about the. Here i give you step by step instructions of finding the unknown quantities using the. Nrm 2 defines a boq as a list of items giving detailed identifying descriptions and firm quantities of the work comprised in. The per unit value of any quantity is defined as the ratio of the actual value of the any quantity to the base value of the same quantity as a decimal. Speed v meter per second ms m s 1 ms pressure p pascal pa force per unit area kg m 1 s 2 energy e joule j kg m2 s 2 power w watt w energy per unit time kg m2 s 3 a physical quantity can be expressed with a unique combination of 7 base quantities. The bill of quantities is compiled in accordance with the method described in the standard system for measuring small buildings. Any quantity is converted into per unit quantity by dividing the numeral value by the chosen base value of the same dimension. In many respects the method is similar to the use of percentage values. Usually, the per unit quantities being of the order of unity or less can easily. How to calculate and draw a single line diagram for the. All p and q quantities are three phase voltage magnitudes are.
I invite you to solve the sample problem at the end of video and leave your answers in the. Krons, 9, 245, 256, 262 nonoscillating reference, 252 orthogonal, 232. The basics of supply and demand 5 chapter 2 the basics of supply and demand exercises 1. Bill of quantities civil and specialists works for. Per unit system explaination with solved example free download as.
Todays lecture is on radiation quantities and units. Per unit fault calculations is a method whereby system impedances and quantities are normalised across different voltage levels to a common. The payment per unit of work at which the bidder bids to do work amount. Quantity unit definition of quantity unit by the free. Panel length panel 36 width 48 60 144 36 48 60 2 33 44 55 60 15 20 25 72 18 24 30 84 21 28 35 96 24 32 40 108 27 36 45 120 30 40 50 1 to convert to board footage. During the last session we spoke about measurements, about different kinds of quantities, and about different kinds of units in general. Cost of delivery varies with the distance from source of supply, method of transportation, and quantity to be. Per unit system explaination with solved example free download as powerpoint presentation. By removing the impact of varying voltages, the necessary calculations are simplified. Yield percentage formula edible portion quantityaspurchased quantity x 100. During the prefeasibility stage the consultant setup a preliminary unit cost data base and carried out the cost estimates for. The quantity of an item multiplied by the bidder rate of the same item sum. Measuring inventory performance common metrics for inventory. Perunit system for singlephase transfomers the voltages, currents, powers, impedances, and other electrical quantities are measured as fractions of some base level instead of conventional units.
Page 1 of 16 free downloads design tips java calculators app. All costs are summed to obtain the total estimated construction cost. Per unit pu quantities the numerical per unit value of any quantity is defined as the ratio of its actual value to another arbitrarily chosen value of quantity of the same dimensions, assumed as the base or reference. Per unit system is when we normalize the voltage and current at each location. Bill of quantities civil and specialists works for rehabilitation of high school. The computation effort in power system is very much reduced with thee use of per unit quantities. Administere d medication dosage administere d to patient hcpcs code and given unit calculation dosage divided by. Abbreviations for units of measure and aes units of quantity.
This technical article explains how to calculate and draw a single line diagram of the threephase, 60hz system power system with generators, motors, transformers and lines. The quantities d and b are the electric and magnetic. All p and q quantities are three phase voltage magnitudes are represented as a. Per unit quantities transformer electronics scribd. Calculations are simplified because quantities expressed as per unit do not change when they are referred from one side of a. When quantity shipped to a single destination is less than. The work included in the item is defined in detail by the rules in the method of measurement. Seeley is the author of seeley and winfields building quantities explained 4.
An amount bidded for an item, the extend of which is describe0d in the bill. This video discusses basics of perunit quantities and is the first in a series of videos on the subject. Kitchen calculations the culinary institute of america. This gives the value in ohms which is to be taken as 1. Rather determined per unit values serve to assist in the calculation of other system values. Determining quantities per intermediate container quantity icq. Similarly, the base quantities on the highvoltage side are 150000 v, 2400 v, 62. The purpose of the single line diagram is to supply in concise form of the significant information about the system. Per unit notation in per unit notation, the physical quantity isin per unit notation, the physical quantity is expressed as a fraction of the reference vava ue. This video discusses basics of perunit quantities and is the first in a. Thus a perunit quantity is a normalized quantity with respect. The determination of per unit values is not the end objective of a study. Physical quantities, measurements standard and units gk physical quantities, measurements standard and units general knowledge general science gs for upsc, ias, banking, railway ssc and other competitive examinations.
In microeconomics, economies of scale are the cost advantages that enterprises obtain due to their scale of operation typically measured by the amount of output produced, with cost per unit of output decreasing with increasing scale. Payment for such excavation is generally at the unit contract price per cubic yard. Assistance for preparing takeoffs may be provided by others within the organization in support of cost engineering. The quantities e and h are the electric and magnetic. Calculation per piece of completely performed item. The per unit value of any quantity is defined as the ratio of actual value in any unit to the base or reference value in the same unit. These become useful when performing calculations across a power system where multiple voltage. Per unit fault calculations is a method whereby system impedances and quantities are normalised across different voltage levels to a common base.
The normalization typically follows transformer ratings. Quantities should be shown in standard units of measure and should be consistent with design units. Physical quantities and units university of florida. Per unit example how to, tips, tricks, and what to watch out for. Per unit equivalent circuit ete 3144 power systems 11 example. The quantity of excavation to be paid for is measured as outlined in section 209.
Consider a competitive market for which the quantities demanded and supplied per year at various prices are given as follows. In the power systems analysis field of electrical engineering, a perunit system is the expression of system quantities as fractions of a defined base unit quantity. The bills of quantities are a complete quantification of all items as per tender drawings, should the tenderer require additional or more detailed items he may add them with his tender. As per the definition given by cambridge dictionary, a bill of quantities is a document showing a list of everything needed to build something and how much each item will cost.
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